Styles of Communication and Conflict Resolution Research Paper

Styles of Communication and Conflict Resolution - Research Paper Example To avert conflicts and optimize on their potential to deal with the problematic situations in the best possible manner in an organizational setting, it is imperative that both managers and team members are aware of the various styles of communication. The fundamental requisite of avoidance of conflicts everywhere in general and workplace in particular is to have empathy for the other people’s perspectives. People who believe that they are neither superior nor inferior to their colleagues at the workplace are able to keep their interactions free of negative influences. This paper explores different styles of communication and discusses the secrets of effective communication which is the fundamental prerequisite of conflict resolution. Continuums of Communication Styles According to M. R. Hammer, there are two continuums along which the communication styles about conflict lie. The first continuum is about the way people express their disagreements. In the indirect style, people tend to give other people clues about their opinions, and try to elaborate them with the help of metaphors or stories. This is called as the indirect style. The direct style lies at the opposite end of the very continuum. In the direct style, people overtly express their views so that the other person exactly knows what the point of concern is. There is a lot of difference between the body language of the direct and the indirect speaker (Hammer, 2005). While the indirect speaker tends to make use of subtle messages, the direct speaker confronts the other person by looking into the eyes. The second continuum is the continuum of expressiveness. Certain people express their emotions very overtly. These people are known as extroverted. They have very expressive faces as well as body language. People that lie at the opposite end of the continuum of expressiveness generally remain quiet, and are very introverted. They are very reserved, and do not feel comfortable or like to share their v iews with others, particularly to an unfamiliar group of people. Styles of Communication There are several styles of communication (CEDA, n.d.) which include but are not limited to accommodation style, discussion style, dynamic style, and engagement style. The different styles of communication emerge from different combinations of the levels of disagreement and expressiveness. They are discussed below: Accommodation Style People who have the accommodation style of communication are generally introverted, and want to control their emotions. They make effort to save the relationship from being tarnished by conflicts by using metaphors and such other techniques. Discussion Style People having a discussion style of communication generally control their emotions, but do convey their disagreement to the other person in clear words and understandable manner. To add weight to their opinions, they make use of objective facts. Dynamic Style People that have a dynamic style of communication op enly express their distress, though they tend not to talk about the underlying cause of distress overtly. The argument structure in the dynamic style of communication is associative, and mediators are required to facilitate the discussion. Engagement Style People that have an engagement style of communication express their feelings freely. Passion reflects in their

How technology has affected history Research Paper

How technology has affected history - Research Paper Example Lives have been saved, businesses grow, environment is taken care of and everything seems to progress with the aide of technology. In particular, the recent breakthroughs in computers and internet have allowed people to connect to anybody anytime and anywhere despite of the distance geographically. Barriers have been overcome by the technology and people are able to enjoy the benefits. Despite of the benefits from technology, some downfalls are seen by scientists and other professionals throughout history. Those may pose hazard to the environment, human health, education, morals and many more. There are many factors involved in those negative consequences of using technology but those are not signs of the end of the world. They may signal the need for change, innovation and further studies to create new solutions to the spurring problems and challenges for the betterment of the world towards sustainability. As technology has been noted in the preceding paragraphs, reflecting upon the changes as it passes through the history may give a clear picture and understanding to the readers regarding the importance and impact of technology to human existence. History has been divided into different eras and for the study, three eras would be mentioned and discussed: Renaissance Era, Industrial Revolution Era, and Atomic Era. Each era would be provided with introductions and the technologies used for each. Afterwards, the advantages and disadvantages of the technology for each era would be analyzed and compared and contrasted to other technology from other eras. Renaissance started since the time of the High Middle Ages wherein various improvements happened in terms of the economy, society, politics and intellects. Its roots came from the Renaissance of the 12th century which was considered to be the developments to sprout at the latter part of the Middle Ages. It became the avenue for the advancement in arts, literature and science although scientific developments occurr ed at the latter part of Renaissance.1 Renaissance originally means rebirth and it was a cultural movement that spanned from the 14th century to 17th century and became a wide-scale movement throughout Europe. It had produced the paper and type sped that allowed quicker dissemination of knowledge but still some nations in Europe had not experienced its boom equally. In terms of literature, it developed the Latin literature across the Western continent and the popularity was attributed to Petrarch. In particular, he had made linear perspective and other artistic techniques together with the reformation of education.2 The developments had given way to the practices in the Modern Era such as the conventions in politics through diplomacy and the importance of observation that became the primary tool for science. Renaissance had also catered to the developments of the polymaths who were considered to be geniuses in various fields of knowledge and abilities like Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. They were known as Renaissance man as being such is attributed to the name of the era. Various issues had been laid down with the concept of the polymaths and even with the name Renaissance and its very existence.3 Some viewed Renaissance as just a part of the former eras with high respect for classical ages as culture and arts flourished. Nostalgia

Theories of Ageing Essay Example for Free

Theories of Ageing Essay Major theories of ageing in relation to the development of an individual As an individual grows older they get more withdrawn from the rest of society. The society actually rejects older people from a lot of activities. It is part of growing older and it is a way of distancing yourself from people before you die. Therefore the two major theories examine what causes an individual to distance themselves from this the rest of the people. The social disengagement theory basically examines the development of an individual and how it influences their development as they grow older. The activity theory of ageing examines how an individual continues to be attached to their normal routine of life. The two theories suggest two different things which two different individuals might have an impact on. The social disengagement theory would affect the personality of an individual because they are disengaging from the rest of the society and they become lonelier. Loneliness would impact in their lives because they have no one that pays interest to what they want and what makes them happy. Once the individual isolates themselves from the rest of the society, everybody who was close distances themselves. The social disengagement theory suggests that it is normal for older people to withdraw from the society and it becomes part of their life. This would not be very accurate because it causes the individual to be more stressed. They would be more stressed because they are disengaging from the society and they are getting hold of the fact that they might be dying and nobody cares about their existence anymore. This would be depressing to the individual and it would be more appropriate that they be active as the time to live would be less and it would be healthier not to be stressed and depressed from being lonely and disengaging from the society. The suggestion of the disengagement theory does not help the individual to feel good about them but it makes them feel that they are being isolated and they are getting hold of the fact of death. The activity theory suggests that an individual continues to feel great about their attitude towards their life. This helps the individual to feel the need to be positive about their life. The activity theory suggests that an individual’s self-esteem is not affected by ageing as long as activities e. g. work are replaced with new activities. The more the individual socialises the more they have an active life and they are happier in their in old age. This does not make the individual feel that they are being left out because they are personally involved in the activities that make them feel happier in their lives. The activity theory has an impact in the development of an individual because the more they are happy at their old age; the more they get the opportunity to spend as much time with close relatives and friends. This is helps majorly in the development because the individual can see that people are there for them and it becomes easier for the individual to come to terms easily to that they might die. The acceptance of their death makes the individual be happier and they want to live their life to the fullest. The theory assumes a positive relationship between activity and life satisfaction. Activity theory reflects the functionalist view that the balance that an individual develops in middle age should be maintained in later years. The theory predicts that older adults that face role loss will substitute former roles with other alternatives. This would help them to continue their daily lives as normal. This would be a huge advantage to the individual than disengaging from the society. This is so because they get to be fit in their physique, that’s if they choose to start having an exercise routine or they may want to take up course because they feel the need to expand their knowledge. If the individual disengages from the society, it becomes difficult for them to engage in any form of activities. The social disengagement theory might be the only option of the individual if they are really terrified of being out. This would also be an option if the service user feels that they are better in that situation when they have no friends and family. Therefore the social disengagement theory would be an option if the service user does not feel good about their self-esteem. The activity theory is best theory because it keeps the elderly person in touch with everything and everyone that is around them. Therefore residential homes should encourage service users to physically and mentally active as it would contribute to their social life in the society.

Charmin Toilet Paper Ad -- Advertisement, Ads, Advertising

Advertisements are one of many things that Americans cannot get away from. Every American sees an average of 3,000 advertisements a day; whether it’s on the television, radio, while surfing the internet, or while driving around town. Advertisements try to get consumers to buy their products by getting their attention. Most advertisements don’t have anything to do with the product itself. Every company has a different way of getting the public’s attention, but every advertisement has the same goal - to sell the product. Every advertisement tries to appeal to the audience by using ethos, pathos, and logos, while also focusing on who their audience is and the purpose of the ad. An example of this is a Charmin commercial where there is a bear who gets excited when he gets to use the toilet paper because it is so soft. In this Charmin commercial, the author is the Charmin Company. The bears are used as the speakers for Charmin. They are cute, lovable, and are appealing to most people. They were not always in the Charmin commercials however. The first Charmin bear was introduced in 2001, and then the cubs the following year. They were a big hit with the public so the company continues to use them as the mascots/speakers for Charmin toilet paper. The bears are a big help in selling the product. The audience of the Charmin commercials is every human being that watches television. This product, toilet paper, is something that everyone, no matter where they live, needs to use in everyday life. It is a product that will always be bought by people but there are many different companies in the toilet paper industry. The main audience is for those that do not use Charmin already, but... ... author, or speaker does not use any facts or logic in the commercial. Every advertisement has different ways of getting the audience’s attention. Advertisements mostly use the three appeals, but different forms of showing them off. In this commercial ethos and pathos is used to get to the consumers. Charmin is the greatest toilet paper and everybody should use it, that is the message they are trying to get across. It may be true to some people, but the overall population most likely does not use Charmin but another brand of toilet paper that is cheaper. I do not think that this commercial is that effective because I, along with many other people, just use whatever kind of toilet paper there is; the brand does not matter. In other countries there are other brands that are said to be the number one brand of toilet paper; it is different everywhere.

Dbq Essay Civil War

Carly Tucker 9 January, 2013 AP US History Mr. Barber Betweeen the years of 1860 and 1877 the united states went through the civil war and reconstruction era. Dramatic changes occurred during this time that brought about drastic constitutional and social development. The dramatic changes brought a revolution. The Civil War was not officially fought over the issue of slavery, but one of the most important outcomes of the war was the emancipation of all slaves in the United States.The reasons for southern states’ secession ranged from unfair duties imposed on the states to the recurring issue of slavery (Document A). This secession unofficially started the war and created great tension between the North and the South. President Lincoln’s main purpose of commencing war was to unite the divided nation, and with tactics such as his Emancipation Proclamation and gaining the Border States’ support he was able to achieve his goal of reunification. Other results yielded b y the war were the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution.These provisions formally ended slavery and guaranteed the black freedmen future citizenship and suffrage. The blacks argued that if they fought in the war to preserve the Union that they were entitled to voting and having the same rights as other American citizens (Document C). The Civil Rights Act of 1866 declared that every person born in the United States, without regard to race, color, or previous conditions of slavery or involuntary service, is entitled to citizenship. The end of the Civil War marked the end of the bloodshed but the beginning of reconstruction of the nation.The United States still had many issues to address. One such issue was the new banking and currency systems. Senator John Sherman felt that the country was not nationalized enough. (Doc B) He felt that America would prosper more if it had its own unique exchange system. As opposed to different states doing their own things which is why t he government could be overthrown. Although the slaves were finally freed, things were still rough for the freedmen. (Doc C) Some Africans felt that they were being betrayed by their government.He did not understand how after they have fought for their nation and government, they are still eligible to vote for their representatives. In the petition it explains how they are treated unfairly in court and how the courts will not even receive negro testimony. At that time the government was not too willing to help out the freedmen. Gideon Welles, Lincoln's Secretary of the Navy wrote in a diary that the Federal Government has no control of whether or not blacks can vote or not. (Doc D) He felt it was entirely up to the states to decide if they vote or not.The Federal Government has done it job by freeing the state and suffrage is not their issue. And some states took advantage of this with things like the Poll Tax, Literacy Test, and Grandfather Clause, which prevented blacks from being able to vote. The few that could afford the Poll Tax most likely could not read, and if they did it was highly unlikely that their grandfather voted since slaves were not even considered citizens of the United States from the Dread Scott decision. This does not mean that there were no efforts to support the freedmen.The Freedmen's Bureau was set up to help blacks do things like read and write so they could be more equal to the white man. In a petition to the Bureau and the President, the Freedmen of Disto Island stated that they were promised land from the government but have yet to see it. As one can see during the years 1860-1877, many developments both constitutional and social put the nation through a revolution. These things have changed the country greatly not just for the blacks but also the whites and for the nation as a whole.

THe Windover Bog Site, an Archaic Pond Cemetery

Windover Bog (and sometimes known as Windover Pond) was a pond cemetery for hunter-gatherers, people who lived hunting game and gathering vegetable material between about 8120-6990 years ago. The burials were staked down in the soft mud of the pond, and over the years at least 168 people were buried there, men, women, and children. Today that pond is a peat bog, and preservation in peat bogs can be quite astonishing. While the burials at Windover were not as well preserved as those of European  bog bodies, 91 of the individuals buried contained bits of brain matter still intact enough for scientists to retrieve DNA. Perishable Artifacts of Middle Archaic Most interesting, however, is the recovery of 87 samples of weaving, basketry, woodworking and clothing, providing us more information on the perishable artifacts of Middle Archaic people in the American southeast than archaeologists ever dreamed possible. Four kinds of close twining, one kind of open twining, and one type of plaiting can be seen in the mats, bags, and basketry recovered from the site. Clothing woven by the inhabitants of Windover Bog on looms included hoods and burial shrouds, as well as some fitted clothing and many rectangular or squarish clothing articles. While the perishable fiber plaits from Windover Bog are not the oldest found in the Americas, the textiles are the oldest woven materials found to date, and together they broaden our understanding of what the Archaic lifestyle was truly like. DNA and Windover Burials Although scientists believed they had retrieved DNA from the fairly intact brain matter recovered from some of the human burials, subsequent research has shown that the mtDNA lineages reported are absent in all other prehistoric and contemporary Native American populations studied to date. Further attempts to retrieve more DNA have failed, and an amplification study has shown that there is no analyzable DNA left in the Windover burials. In 2011, researchers (Stojanowski et al) studied dental variation characteristics on teeth from Windover Pond (and Buckeye Knoll in Texas) that at least three of the individuals buried there had projections on incisors called talon cusps or an enlarged tuberculum dentale. Talon cusps are a rare trait globally  but are more common in the western hemisphere than elsewhere. Those at Windover Pond and Buckeye Knoll are the oldest found in the Americas to date, and the second oldest in the world (the oldest is Gobero, Niger, at 9,500 cal BP). Sources This article is a part of the About.com Guide to American Archaic Period, and part of the Dictionary of Archaeology. Adovasio JM, Andrews RL, Hyland DC, and Illingworth JS. 2001. Perishable industries from the Windover Bog: An unexpected window into the Florida archaic. North American Archaeologist 22(1):1-90. Kemp BM, Monroe C, and Smith DG. 2006. Repeat silica extraction: a simple technique for the removal of PCR inhibitors from DNA extracts. Journal of Archaeological Science 33(12):1680-1689. Moore CR, and Schmidt CW. 2009. Paleoindian And Early Archaic Organic Technologies: A Review And Analysis. North American Archaeologist 30(1):57-86. Rothschild BM, and Woods RJ. 1993. Possible implications of paleopathology for early archaic migrations: Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease. Journal of Paleopathology 5(1):5-15. Stojanowski CM, Johnson KM, Doran GH, and Ricklis RA. 2011. Talon cusp from two archaic period cemeteries in North America: Implications for comparative evolutionary morphology. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 144(3):411-420. Tomczak PD, and Powell JF. 2003. Postmarital Residence Patterns in the Windover Population: Sex-Based Dental Variation as an Indicator of Patrilocality. American Antiquity 68(1):93-108. Tuross N, Fogel ML, Newsom L, and Doran GH. 1994. Subsistence in the Florida Archaic: The stable-isotope and archaeobotanical evidence from the Windover site. American Antiquity 59(2):288-303.

Use Of Radio Frequency Identification Technology - 1098 Words

Article Review 4 Reference Information: Kelly, E. P., Erickson, G. S. (2005). RFID tags: Commercial applications v. privacy rights. Industrial Management Data Systems, 105(5), 703-713. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/234908003?accountid=107221. Purpose of Study: Seeks to examine the use of radio frequency identification technology in commercial applications and to discuss whether regulation is needed to balance commercial economic interests versus consumer privacy and libertarian concerns. Sampling Comments: â€Å"A silent revolution is occurring in retail surveillance technology unbeknownst to most consumers. Radio frequency (RFID) technology provides enormous economic benefits for both business and consumers, while simultaneously potentially constituting one of the most invasive surveillance technologies threatening consumer privacy.† â€Å"In particular, RFID has the potential to threaten consumers in numerous ways – through intrusion on their informational privacy, their physical privacy and security, and their civil liberties.† Measures: In this paper, Kelly and Erickson discuss RFID technology and its many benefits as well as the privacy concerns for RFID technology. Kelly and Erickson also go over numerous comparative studies on RFID technology. Findings/Results/Main Points: RFID technology provides enormous economic benefits for both the business and the consumer. 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